use eyre::Result;
use tinywasm::{Extern, FuncContext, Imports, Module, Store, types::FuncRef};
fn main() -> Result<()> {
by_func_ref_passed()?;
by_func_ref_returned()?;
Ok(())
}
/// Example of passing Wasm functions (as `funcref`) to an imported host function
/// and the imported host function calling them.
fn by_func_ref_passed() -> Result<()> {
// A module with:
// - Imported function "host.call_this" that accepts a callback.
// - Exported Wasm function "tell_host_to_call" that calls "host.call_this" with Wasm functions $add and $sub.
// - Wasm functions $add and $sub and an imported function $mul used as callbacks
// (just to show that imported functions can be referenced too).
// - Exported Wasm function "call_binop_by_ref", a proxy used by the host to call func-references of type (i32, i32) -> i32.
const WASM: &str = r#"
(module
(import "host" "call_this" (func $host_callback_caller (param funcref)))
(import "host" "mul" (func $host_mul (param $x i32) (param $y i32) (result i32)))
(func $tell_host_to_call (export "tell_host_to_call")
(call $host_callback_caller (ref.func $add))
(call $host_callback_caller (ref.func $sub))
(call $host_callback_caller (ref.func $host_mul))
)
(type $binop (func (param i32 i32) (result i32)))
(table 3 funcref)
(elem (i32.const 0) $add $sub $host_mul) ;; Function can only be referenced if added to a table.
(func $add (param $x i32) (param $y i32) (result i32)
local.get $x
local.get $y
i32.add
)
(func $sub (param $x i32) (param $y i32) (result i32)
local.get $x
local.get $y
i32.sub
)
(table $callback_register 1 funcref)
(func (export "call_binop_by_ref") (param funcref i32 i32) (result i32)
(table.set $callback_register (i32.const 0) (local.get 0))
(call_indirect $callback_register (type $binop) (local.get 1)(local.get 2)(i32.const 0))
)
)
"#;
let wasm = wat::parse_str(WASM).expect("Failed to parse WAT");
let module = Module::parse_bytes(&wasm)?;
let mut store = Store::default();
let mut imports = Imports::new();
// Import host function that takes callbacks and calls them.
imports.define(
"host",
"call_this",
Extern::typed_func(|mut ctx: FuncContext<'_>, fn_ref: FuncRef| -> tinywasm::Result<()> {
let proxy_caller =
ctx.module().exported_func::<(FuncRef, i32, i32), i32>(ctx.store(), "call_binop_by_ref")?;
// Call the callback we got as an argument using "call_binop_by_ref".
let res = proxy_caller.call(ctx.store_mut(), (fn_ref, 5, 3))?;
println!("(funcref {fn_ref:?})(5,3) results in {res}");
Ok(())
}),
)?;
// Import host.mul function (one of the functions whose references are taken).
imports.define(
"host",
"mul",
Extern::typed_func(|_, args: (i32, i32)| -> tinywasm::Result<i32> { Ok(args.0 * args.1) }),
)?;
let instance = module.instantiate(&mut store, Some(imports))?;
let caller = instance.exported_func::<(), ()>(&store, "tell_host_to_call")?;
// Call "tell_host_to_call".
caller.call(&mut store, ())?;
// An interesting detail is that neither $add, $sub, nor $mul were exported,
// but with a little help from the proxy "call_binop_by_ref", references to them are callable by the host.
Ok(())
}
/// Example of returning a Wasm function as a callback to a host function
/// and the host function calling it.
fn by_func_ref_returned() -> Result<()> {
// A module with:
// - An exported function "what_should_host_call" that returns 3 `funcref`s.
// - Wasm functions $add and $sub and an imported function $mul used as callbacks
// (just to show that imported functions can be referenced too).
// - Another exported Wasm function "call_binop_by_ref", a proxy used by the host to call func-references of type (i32, i32) -> i32
const WASM: &str = r#"
(module
(import "host" "mul" (func $host_mul (param $x i32) (param $y i32) (result i32)))
(type $binop (func (param i32 i32) (result i32)))
(table 3 funcref)
(elem (i32.const 0) $add $sub $host_mul)
(func $add (param $x i32) (param $y i32) (result i32)
local.get $x
local.get $y
i32.add
)
(func $sub (param $x i32) (param $y i32) (result i32)
local.get $x
local.get $y
i32.sub
)
(func $ref_to_funcs (export "what_should_host_call") (result funcref funcref funcref)
(ref.func $add)
(ref.func $sub)
(ref.func $host_mul)
)
(table $callback_register 1 funcref)
(func $call (export "call_binop_by_ref") (param funcref i32 i32) (result i32)
(table.set $callback_register (i32.const 0) (local.get 0))
(call_indirect $callback_register (type $binop) (local.get 1)(local.get 2)(i32.const 0))
)
)
"#;
let wasm = wat::parse_str(WASM).expect("Failed to parse WAT");
let module = Module::parse_bytes(&wasm)?;
let mut store = Store::default();
let mut imports = Imports::new();
// Import host.mul function (one of the possible operations).
imports.define(
"host",
"mul",
Extern::typed_func(|_, args: (i32, i32)| -> tinywasm::Result<i32> { Ok(args.0 * args.1) }),
)?;
let instance = module.instantiate(&mut store, Some(imports))?;
// Ask the module what to call.
let funcrefs = {
let address_getter =
instance.exported_func::<(), (FuncRef, FuncRef, FuncRef)>(&store, "what_should_host_call")?;
address_getter.call(&mut store, ())?
};
let proxy_caller = instance.exported_func::<(FuncRef, i32, i32), i32>(&store, "call_binop_by_ref")?;
for (idx, func_ref) in [funcrefs.0, funcrefs.1, funcrefs.2].iter().enumerate() {
// Call those `funcref`s via "call_binop_by_ref".
let res = proxy_caller.call(&mut store, (*func_ref, 5, 3))?;
println!("At idx: {idx}, funcref {func_ref:?}(5,3) results in {res}");
}
Ok(())
}
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